Smart Uhira – Technical Description

Smart Uhira is a solar-powered, sensor-based smart irrigation system engineered to provide automated, data-driven water management for small to medium-scale farms. The system integrates renewable energy, embedded control, and multi-parameter soil sensing to optimize irrigation efficiency under varying environmental conditions.

🔧 System Architecture

The system consists of four main subsystems:

1. Power System
   • 4 × Solar Panels (12V system configuration)
   • Battery-supported (optional for energy storage)
   • Provides stable DC power for controller and pump operation
2. Control Unit
   • Microcontroller-based (ESP8266 / NodeMCU)
   • Wi-Fi enabled for cloud connectivity (Firebase)
   • Executes irrigation logic and sensor data processing

3. Sensing Unit (7-in-1 Soil Sensor)
   Measures real-time environmental and soil parameters:

   • Soil Moisture (%)
   • Soil Temperature (°C)
   • Soil pH
   • Electrical Conductivity (EC, mS/cm)
   • Air Temperature (°C)
   • Air Humidity (%)
   • Light Intensity (Lux)

   Communication: RS485 (Modbus protocol) or analog interface (depending on sensor model)

4. Actuation System
   • 12V DC Water Pump
   • Relay-controlled switching module
   • Enables automated irrigation control

⚙️ Operating Principle

• Sensor continuously collects soil and environmental data
• Data is processed by the microcontroller
• Irrigation decisions are based on predefined thresholds:
  • Low soil moisture → Pump ON
  • Optimal moisture reached → Pump OFF
• Supports:
  • Automatic Mode (sensor-driven control)
  • Manual Mode (user override via Firebase or local control)

📊 Technical Specifications

🌱 System Capabilities

• Real-time soil condition monitoring
• Automated irrigation based on sensor feedback
• Remote monitoring and control via cloud platform
• Water-efficient irrigation scheduling
• Adaptable to different crops and soil types

⚡ Engineering Advantages

• Energy-independent (solar-powered)
• Scalable architecture (supports additional sensors/modules)
• Low power consumption
• Suitable for off-grid deployment
• Designed for climate-smart agriculture applications